Blog by Vanshi | Digital Diary

Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi whose birth dat celebrated ev_ wey year was the greatest man of his time. He was one of those famous sons of india who have guided the destiny of her people from time to time. He was born on October 2,1869 at Probandar in Gujarat. His mother was a religious and pious lady while his father kaba Gandhi was the Dewan of a small state in Rajkot. Ganduji joined the school at the age of seven. He was honest and sincere though he was not a very brilliant student. He was married to Kasturba at a small age of thri_ teen. He went to England to study law when he was only seventeen. He came back to india after qualifying himself for the bar. He started his practice in Bombay. He could not do well as a lawyer because he never liked to tell a lie. He however got a case for which he had to go south AF Rica. He was known as a coolie barrister there. He was moved by the pitiable condition of the Indians who were insulted and treated like doge every where in south Africa. Mahatma Gandhi became the leader of the Indians and struggled hard for the betterment of their lot. After some time he again came back to India he had now a greater aim before him. He wanted to make his country free from the British rule. After the First world war the British shot down some 1509 innocent Indian men women and children in theJakuanwala Bagh at a Amritsar. This tragedy and inhuman act pained Gandhiji very much. He started a non cooperation movement against the British Goverment. As a result thousands of volunteers tears had to go to jail.

Essay Writing is an intelligent exercise. It requires Knowledge of the factual data as well as mental grasp and literary acumen to present it in a clar and lucid style. The word essay means to attempt. Essaying on a sujest testing or examining it. An essay is a literary composition. It is usuall prose in nature and prescise on a particular suject. Scope. The scope of essay writing is an wide as the sky. There is no suject from the stars to the dust hewap and from the amoeda to its theme and purpose are endlessly diverse. An essay in personality of the writer.  Importance. Though there are numerous forms of testing the student regarding his understanding of th language essay has come to be regarded as the surest test of the writing power and personality of the studing .

Foot prints without feet.? The two boys started in surprise at the fresh muddy imprints of a pair of bare feet. What was a barefooted man doing on the steps of a house, in the middle of London? And where was the man as they gazed a remarkable sight met their eyes. A fresh footmark appeared from nowhere. Further footprints followed one after another descending the steps and progressing down the street. The boys following fascinated until the muddy impressions became fainter and fainter and at last disappeared altogether. The explanation of the mystery was really simple enough. The bewildered boys had been following a scientist who had just discovered how to make the human body transparent. Griffin the scientist, had carried out experiment after experiment to prove that the human body could become invisible. Finally he swallowed certain rare druge and his body became invisible. Finally he swallowed certain rare drugs and his body became as transparent as a sheet of glass though it also remained as should as glass. Brilliant scientist though he was Griffin was rather a lawless person. His landlord disliked him and tried to eject him. In revenge Griffin set fire to the house. To get away without being seen he had to remove his clothes. This it was that he became a homeless wanderer, without clothes withoutiney and quite invisible unti be happened to step in some mud and left footprints as he walked! He escaped easily enough from the boys who followed his footprints in London. But his adventures were by no means over. He had chosen a bad time of the year to wander about London without clothes. It was mid winter. The air was bitterly cold he could not do without clothes. Instead of walking about the streets hendecided to slip into a big london store for warmith. 

BATTLE OF BOGRA  Her capture of Hilli complex by Indian forces paved the way for their advance towards BOGRA. In a way the battle of BOGRA was an extension of the battle of Hilli. The battle was found on 14_15 December 1971. BOGRA was an important town and vited Communication centre of East Pakistan. It was also the tactical head quarter of Pakistan 16 Infantry Division they had also made a light air strip here. The town was well connected with Dhaka and other East Pakistan towns by rail road and air. In view of the impending war with india the town had been turned into a strong military base.

AIR BATTLE OF SAINAGAR Pakistan sounded the bugle of the War by attacking major Indian airbases in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir at 1740 hours on 3 December 1971. But the first Pakistani air intrusion over Srinagar had come earlier on 39 November though it was a recce mission. The real air attack on Srinagar, however came on 3 December when six Pakistani Air Force PAF Sabres dropped bombs on Srinagar airfield causing some damage to the runway. However Indian pilots launched a number of attacks from the airbase on Pakistani troops intruding into Indian territory. No 121 Squadron based at Srinagar carried some 64 missions to attack enemy troops. Sixty Pakistani air raft raided the Srinagar base during the 14 days of the war but could cause little damage to the aircraft on the airbase. During the war airbase had become a favourite target for the PAF Pakistan Air Force as they knew that no radar could detect their intrusion owing to mountainous terrain of the surroundings. The reports of observation posts located alongside the border alone could be of some help. But such reports or say warnings could reach the base only a couple of minutes before the approach of the raiding craft  This hardly allowed time to the airbase to react to the threat. Luckily many of these PAF missions failed due to inaccurate firing and unexploded bombs. Some attacks which really threatened the airbase were tackled by the Indian Air Force IAF appropriately. Many such raids led to dog fights in which the Pakistanis were worsted. In one of these dog fights in 6 December, sqn Ldr VS Pathania engaged two Pakistani Sabres which came to strafe the airfield. On the Morning of 14 December six Pakistani aircrafts came to attack Srinagar airfield.soon these aircraft started orbiting over the airfield. Soon these aircraft started orbiting over the airfineld. At this juncture any attempt to take off with enemy aircraft overhead was inviting a mortal dander indeed. But unmindful of the grave danger two Gnats detachment of 18 Squadron which were in operational readiness scrambled to intercept them. Flt Lt BS Ghumman and Fg Offer Normal Hit Singh sekhin immediately got airborne. But Pakistani Sabres sooner than Fg offer sekhin took off a bomb landed on turned left to take position behind off Flt Lt Ghumman Meanwhile seakhin headed straight to engage the two enemy aircraft sekhin headed straight to engage the two enemy aircraft which had bombed the airfield.

BATTLE OF PUNCH It was the 3rd of Decemder 1971. Lt Col KL Rattan, the Commading Officer of 6 Sikh was scanning the reports cming in From his companies deployed along the border in Punch. the events were unfolding just as he had visualized and planned for. The enemy attack was imminent and the Battalion was fully prepared to face it. 6 Sikh had moved into 93 Infantry Brigade sector and had taken over the task of defending Punch in May 1971. Punch was strategically important to capture it earlier in the wars of 1947-48 and 1965 also. Pakistan was bound to make yet another attempt to grab it so as to have an easy route of access to the kashmir valley. The indin observation posts at the Forward Defended Localities (FDLS) had been reporting large movement of Pakistan vehicles carrying troops and stores for the past few months. Their recce and surveillance parties had also been seen all along the Line of Control (LoC), obviously gathering intelligence on Indian trioop deployment.

FORCE ALPHA OPERATIONS IN THE EAST Fsorce Alpha a makeshift maritime task force conducted daring operation during the 1971 war in the eastern waters. The force comprised of two gunboats Padma and Plasah a watercraft Panel and Ship Chitrangad a. Commander Mohan Narayan Rao Samant an ouystander submariner was the leading officer of this force.According to him After war was declared.Lt General Aurora andajor General Jacob ordered me to organize a maritime attack on chaln and Mongla. This was because the Indian Army 41 Brigade was directly locked in combat with its Pakistani counterpart to take over the chalna and Khulna area but was facing difficulties. So the next best alternative was to mount an attack from seaward to dislocate the Pakistani troops. The task assigned to force Alpha was to launch a maritime attack on the port complex of chalna and Mongla to dislocate enemy forces. It was a maritime attack enemy forces.

THE MEGHNA HELI- - LIFT Iv Corps under the command of Lt Gen sagstsingh located at Teliamura about 40 Kms from Agartala was tasked to carry the Eastern thrust into East Pakistan. Go capt Chandan Singh the station commander at jorhat was to support the corps in the offensive. 110 Helicopter Unit HU with 10 Soviet Mi4 helicopter based at Kumbhirgram near silchar was also support By 3 December 1971, the helicopters were positioned at Teliamura with corps.Their strength was later augmented with some helicpters from 105 and 111 helicopter units. The task of the Mi4 helicopters is primarily casualty evacuation and transportation and were engaged on the job during the first four days. The first special Heli Borne Operation SHBO for crops was carried by the IAF on 7 December evening from Kailashar. From here troop of 4/5 GR and their equipment were Heli lifted to the outskirts of Sypher. Eight Mi 4s carried 254 troops and 400 kgs of equipment in 22 sorties ground fire. This SHBO was the trigger for more such operations in the coming days.  The operational directive given to corps did not envisage the capture of Dhaka. The assigned task was to protect Indian Territory from Assam to Mizoram. In doing so a limited offensive could be launched against Pakistani forces east east of River Megha to occupy comila chandpur, Reno and Chittagong .

BATTLE OF GADRA ROAD India has a lond bvorder with Pakistan in Rajasthan spreading over 1070 km. The land on both sides of the border is a desert marked by sand dunes shaped in long ridgrs. The movement of vehicles and the logistic support is best maintained by the camels. Gadra village, situated on the  indo pak border is obout 75 km from barmer. As eight km sand track linked indian gadra Road railway station to Pakistan gadra city khokhrapar is the first Pakistani station across the border while Munabao is the last on the Indian side. both are of straegic significance.  During Indo Pak War of 1971 the conduct of operations in the sind Rajasthan Sector as entrusted to soutern command. the sector was divided in Bikaner jaisalmer barmer and kutch sub sector for the purpose of operations. Lt Gen GG Bewoor GOC in C Southern Command had assigned the Barmer area to 11 Infantey Division It deployed 31 Infantry Brigade Group 15 kumaon 18 Madras 13  field Regiment and 3 Independent Armoured Squadron in Barmer sub sector to deny any intrusion into barmer and also to undertake operations to capture varea khokhropar and gadra city the 15 Kumaon planned the attack on gadra city on the night of 4/5 Decemder in complete secrecy in three phases; Phase 1. Capture of Whale Back area by 2100 her on 04 Dec. Phase 2. Capture of Dune area by 0200 hrs on 05 Dec. Phase 3. Capture of High Ground and Ridge area by 0800 her on 05 Dec.  As per the plan phase one the operation was launched at specified time. The Battalion did not encounter munch resistance and whale Back area in Pakistan was occupied. It the Second Phase Pakistanis fought back the indian attack with small area and medium machine guns MMG. But the relentess charge with war cry kali mata ki jai by kumaonis unnervedyhe enemy.

BATTLE OF ISLAMGARH In the heart of the desert of Rajasthan ISLAMGARH fort was built during the regime of Raja Rawal Siri Bheem Singh in 1665. Initially it was named as Bheem war fort but later in 1780 a Muslim ruler Ikhtiar Khan renamed it as Islamgarh fort. After partition it became a part of bahawalpur district of Punjab Pakistan. Strategically, Islamgarh is important as it lies on the line of communication in Rajasthan. The road from here leads to Rahimyar Khan in  the North an Jaisalmer in India. During the Indo Pak istan army in good strength. It was well fortified and extensive minefields around made an approach to it difficult. In 1971, the 3 Battalion of the Rajputana Rifles was deployed at Kishangarh in the Rajasthan sector to deny the enemy Islamgarh shakirewala passage to tanot. The enemy Islamgarh shakirewala passage to tanot. On the evening of 4 December 1971, 3 Rajputana Rifles was ordered to advance to Islamgarh and capture it by 0600 you're the next day. As lslamgarh was 16 km away from the international  border the battalion had to march around 30 KMS in one night to accomplish the task at 1739 hours a company commented march as vanguard followed by battalion headquartered and B company.